Transgenic plants and animals wikipedia

Transgenic animals are specially designed to study the role of genes in the development of certain diseases. Animals usually are made transgenic by having a small sequence of foreign dna injected into a fertilized egg or developing embryo. They are created in nature during horizontal gene transfer they can also be created during plant breeding and especially in recent years through the use of the plant dna transformation technique in biotechnology. Transgenic plants possess a gene or genes that have been transferred from a different species such as another plant or a microorganism or other source. Transgenic plants can produce a variety of proteins used in diagnostics for detecting and curing human and animal diseases in large scale with low cost. Transgenic animals are those that have been genetically modified. The monoclonal antibodies peptide hormones cytokinins and blood plasma proteins are being produced in transgenic plants and their parts such as tobacco in leaves potato in tubers sugarcane in stems and maize in seed endosperm. Genetically modified crops gm crops are genetically modified plants that are used in agriculture the first crops developed were used for animal or human food and provide resistance to certain pests diseases environmental conditions spoilage or chemical treatments e g. 5 1 1 basic requirements in gene transfer the knowledge of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of its action regulation of gene expression and safety of transgene and its. Transgenic plants insects fish and mammals including humans have been bred. Another controversial aspect of transgenic organisms has to do with gene expression. Sheep goats pigs cows rabbits rats mice fish insects parasites and even humans have previously been used in this modification process. A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been inserted into its genome. Transgenic or genetically modified organisms be they bacteria viruses or fungi serve many research purposes. For example we have transgenic models for diseases such as alzheimer s and cancer.

Moreover in order to devise a cure for these diseases the transgenic animals are used as model organisms. The following points highlight the top twelve applications of transgenic animals. In biological research transgenic fruit flies drosophila melanogaster are model organisms used to study the effects of genetic changes on development. Transgenic plants such as corn and soybean have replaced wild strains in agriculture in some countries e g. Transgenic plants and animals transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered a breeding approach that uses recombinant dna techniques to create plants with new characteristics. Fruit flies are often preferred over other animals due to their short life cycle and low maintenance requirements. These transgenic models are used in research for the development of medicines.

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